1. Kuyerera
Huwandu hwemvura inounzwa nepombi munguva yeyuniti inonzi kuyerera.Inogona kuratidzwa nevhoriyamu kuyerera qv, uye iyo yakajairika unit m3/s,m3/h kana L/s;Inogona zvakare kuratidzwa nekuyerera kwehuwandu qm. , uye yakajairika unit kg/s kana kg/h.
Hukama huri pakati pekuyerera kwehuwandu nekuyerera kwevhoriyamu ndeiyi:
qm=pqv
Kupi, p - density yemvura pakushisa kwekutumira, kg/m ³.
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwemakemikari uye zvinodikanwa zvemugadziri, kuyerera kwemapombi emakemikari kunogona kuratidzwa sezvinotevera: ① Iyo yakajairika inoshanda kuyerera kuyerera kunodiwa kusvika pakubuda kwayo pasi peyakajairwa kushanda mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari.② Kuyerera kwakanyanya kunodiwa uye kushoma kunodiwa kuyerera Kana mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari achinja, huwandu uye hushoma hunodiwa pombi inoyerera.
③ Kuyerera kwakayerwa kwepombi kuchatemwa nekuvimbiswa nemugadziri wepombi.Kuyerera uku kuchave kuenzana kana kuti kukuru pane kuyerera kwese kwese kwese, uye kuchatemwa nekutariswa kwakazara kwehuwandu uye hudiki hwekuyerera.Kazhinji, kuyerera kwepombi kwakakura kudarika kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekushanda, kana kunyange kuenzana nehuwandu hunodiwa hunoyerera.
④ Kuwanda kunobvumirwa kuyerera Kukosha kukuru kwekuyerera kwepombi kunotarwa nemugadziri zvichienderana nekuita kwepombi mukati meiyo inotenderwa yesimba rechimiro uye simba remutyairi.Uku kuyerera ukoshi kunofanira kazhinji kuve kwakakura kupfuura iyo yakanyanya kuyerera inodiwa.
⑤ Kuyerera kudikidiki kunotenderwa Kuyerera kwepombi kudiki kwakadzikwa nemugadziri zvichienderana nemafambisirwo epombi kuitira kuona kuti pombi inokwanisa kuburitsa mvura nguva dzose uye yakadzikama, uye kuti tembiricha yepombi, kuzunguzika uye ruzha zviri mukati mechikamu chinotenderwa.Uku kuyerera ukoshi hunofanira kazhinji kuve kushoma pane hudiki hunodiwa kuyerera.
2. Discharge pressure
Discharge pressure (Discharge pressure) zvinoreva simba rose rekumanikidza (muMPa) remvura inounzwa mushure mekupfuura nepapombi.Icho chiratidzo chakakosha chekuti pombi inogona kupedzisa basa rekufambisa mvura.Pamapombi emakemikari, kudzvanywa kwekubuda kunogona kukanganisa kufambira mberi kwakajairika kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari.Naizvozvo, kuburitsa kudzvanywa kwemakemikari pombi kunotemerwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemakemikari process.
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira makemikari maitiro uye zvinodikanwa zvemugadziri, iyo discharge pressure inonyanya kuve neinotevera nzira dzekutaura.
① Zvakajairwa kushanda kumanikidza, Iyo pombi yekuburitsa kumanikidza inodiwa kugadzirwa kwemakemikari pasi peyakajairika kushanda mamiriro.
② Yakanyanya kuburitsa kumanikidza, Kana makemikari ekugadzira mamiriro achinja, pombi yekuburitsa kumanikidza inodiwa neanogona kushanda mamiriro.
③Rated discharge pressure, iyo discharge pressure yakataurwa uye yakavimbiswa nemugadziri.Iyo yakatemerwa discharge pressure ichaenzana kana kuti yakakura kudarika yakajairika kushanda pressure.Kune vane pombi, dhizaini yekubuda ichave yakanyanya kuyerera.
④ Kunyanya kubvumirwa kubuda kumanikidziro Mugadziri anosarudza huwandu hunobvumirwa kubuda kwepombi maererano nekushanda kwepombi, simba rekugadzirisa, simba guru rekufambisa, nezvimwewo. Kunyanya kubvumirwa kubuda kunenge kwakakura kudarika kana kuenzana nepamusoro-soro inodiwa. ichave yakaderera pane yakanyanya kubvumirwa kushanda kudzvinyirira kwepombi yekumanikidza zvikamu.
3. Musoro wesimba
Musoro wesimba (musoro kana simba remusoro) wepombi ndiko kuwedzera kwesimba reiyo unit mass fluid kubva papombi inlet (pombi inlet flange) kune pombi inobuda (pombi inobuda flange), ndiko kuti, simba rinoshanda rinowanikwa mushure iyo unit mass fluid inopfuura nepapombi λ Inoratidzwa muJ/kg.
Kare, muuinjiniya unit system, musoro waishandiswa kumiririra simba rinoshanda rinowanikwa neunit mass fluid mushure mekupfuura nepapombi, iyo yaimiririrwa nechiratidzo H, uye iyo unit yaive kgf · m/kgf kana m. liquid column.
Hukama huri pakati pesimba musoro H uye musoro H ndewe:
h=Hg
Iko, g - kukwidziridzwa kwegiravhiti, kukosha kuri 9.81m/s ².
Musoro ndiwo wakakosha kuita parameter ye vane pombi.Nekuti iyo musoro inokanganisa zvakananga kuyerera kweiyo vane pombi, iyi ficha yakakosha kumapombi emakemikari.Zvinoenderana nemakemikari anodiwa uye zvinodikanwa zvemugadziri, zvinotevera zvinodiwa zvinokurudzirwa pakusimudza pombi.
①Musoro wepombi inotarirwa nekuburitsa uye kusveta kudzvanywa kwepombi pasi pezvakajairwa mamiriro ekushanda ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari.
② Musoro wepamusoro unodiwa ndiwo musoro wepombi apo mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari anoshanduka uye iyo yakanyanya kuburitsa kudzvinyirira (kusveta kunoramba kusingachinji) kunogona kudikanwa.
Kusimudzwa kwemakemikari vane pombi kuchave kusimudza pasi pekuyerera kwakanyanya kunodiwa mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari.
③ Yakatemerwa kusimudza inoreva kusimudzwa kwevane pombi pasi peyakayerwa impeller dhayamita, yakayerwa kumhanya, yakatemerwa kuyamwa uye kuburitsa kudzvanywa, iyo inotemerwa uye inovimbiswa nemugadziri wepombi, uye kukosha kwekusimudza kuchaenzana kana hukuru kupfuura yakajairika inoshanda kusimudza.Kazhinji, kukosha kwayo kwakaenzana nehuwandu hunodiwa kusimudza.
④ Vhara musoro wepombi yevane kana kuyerera kwaita zero.Zvinoreva kukwirisa kunokwirisa kwevane pombi.Kazhinji, dhizaini yekuburitsa pasi peiyi kusimudza inosarudza iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kushanda kumanikidzwa kwezvimedu zvinotakura senge pombi muviri.
Musoro wesimba (musoro) wepombi ndiyo yakakosha hunhu parameter yepombi.Mugadziri wepombi achapa kuyerera kwesimba musoro (musoro) curve ine pombi inoyerera seyakamira yakazvimirira.
4. Suction pressure
Inoreva kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura yakaunzwa ichipinda pombi, iyo inotemerwa nemamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari.Kusvetwa kwepombi kunofanira kunge kwakakura kudarika kuzara kwemhute yemvura inopomba patembiricha yekupomba.Kana yakadzikira pane yakazara mhute pressure, pombi inoburitsa cavitation.
Kune vane pombi, nekuti simba rayo remusoro (musoro) rinoenderana neiyo impeller dhayamita uye nekumhanyisa kwepombi, kana suction pressure ichichinja, kuburitsa kudzvanywa kweane pombi kunochinja zvinoenderana.Nokudaro, kusvetwa kwepombi yevane pombi hakufaniri kudarika iyo inobvumirwa kusveta kudzvinyirira kukosha kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwepombi kunokonzerwa nepombi yekubudisa mhepo inopfuura iyo inobvumirwa kubuda.
Kune iyo yakanaka yekufambisa pombi, nekuti iyo yekuburitsa kumanikidza kunoenderana nekudzvanywa kwepombi yekubuda kwekupedzisira system, kana pombi yekusveta kudzvanywa ichichinja, mutsauko wekumanikidza wepombi yekufambisa uchachinja, uye simba rinodiwa richachinjawo.Naizvozvo, kusveta kudzvanywa kwepombi yekuchinjisa yakanaka haigone kuve yakadzikira kuti udzivise kuwandisa nekuda kwekuwanda kwepombi yekumanikidza musiyano.
Iyo yakatemerwa yekusveta kudzvanywa kwepombi inoiswa pazita rezita repombi kudzora kusveta kwepombi.
5. Simba uye kubudirira
Simba repombi rinowanzo reva simba rekupinza, kureva kuti, shaft simba rinotamiswa kubva paprime mover kuenda kune inotenderera shaft, inoratidzwa muzviratidzo, uye unit iW kana KW.
Simba rekubuda kwepombi, kureva, simba rinowanikwa nemvura munguva yeyuniti, inonzi simba rinoshanda P. P=qmh=pgqvH
Apo, P - simba rinoshanda, W;
Qm - kuyerera kwehuwandu, kg / s;Qv - kuyerera kwevhoriyamu, m³/s.
Nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwepombi panguva yekushanda, hazvibviri kushandura ese emagetsi ekuisa nemutyairi kuita mvura inoshanda.Musiyano uripo pakati pesimba reshaft uye simba rinoshanda isimba rakarasika repombi, iyo inoyerwa nesimba rekushanda kwepombi, uye kukosha kwayo kwakaenzana neP inoshanda.
Reshiyo yereshiyo uye shaft simba, zvinoti: (1-4)
Chitunha P.
Kubudirira kwepombi kunoratidzawo kuti shaft simba rekuisa nepombi rinoshandiswa sei nemvura.
6. Kumhanya
Nhamba yekuchinja paminiti yepombi shaft inonzi kasi, iyo inoratidzirwa nechiratidzo n, uye chikwata chiri r/min.Munyika dzepasi rose hurongwa hwemayuniti (iyo unit yekumhanya muSt is s-1, kureva Hz. Iyo yakatemerwa sipidhi yepombi kumhanya uko pombi inosvika pakuyerera kwakayerwa uye yakayerwa musoro pasi peiyo yakayerwa saizi (yakadaro. sechidziviriro dhayamita yevane pombi, plunger dhayamita yepombi inodzorera, nezvimwewo).
Kana yakamisikidzwa yekumhanyisa prime mover (senge mota) ichishandiswa kutyaira zvakananga vane pombi, yakayerwa kumhanya kwepombi kwakafanana nekuyerwa kwakayerwa kweprime mover.
Kana ichityairwa neprime mover ine inochinjika kumhanya, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti pombi inosvika pakuyerera yakatemerwa uye yakayerwa musoro pakumhanya kwakayerwa, uye inogona kushanda ichienderera kwenguva yakareba pa105% yekumhanya yakayerwa.Sipidhi iyi inonzi maximum continuous speed.Iyo inogadziriswa yekumhanyisa prime mover ichave ne overspeed otomatiki yekudzima meshini.Iyo otomatiki yekudzima kumhanya ndeye 120% yeyakayerwa kumhanya kwepombi.Naizvozvo, pombi inodiwa kuti ikwanise kushanda zvakajairika pa120% yekumhanya kwayo kwakayerwa kwenguva pfupi.
Mukugadzira kemikari, iyo inoshanduka yekumhanyisa prime mover inoshandiswa kutyaira vane pombi, iri nyore kushandura mamiriro ekushanda epombi nekushandura kumhanya kwepombi, kuitira kuti ienderane nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari.Zvisinei, kushanda kwepombi kunofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa pamusoro apa.
Iyo inotenderera yekumhanya yepombi inosimudzira yakadzikira (kumhanya kwepombi inotenderera kazhinji isingasviki 200r/min; kumhanya kutenderera kwepombi yerotor isingasviki 1500r/min), saka iyo yekutanga mover ine fasting inotenderera kumhanya inowanzo shandiswa.Mushure mekuderedzwa neinoderedza, kumhanya kwepombi yekushanda kunogona kusvikwa, uye kumhanya kwepombi kunogonawo kushandurwa nenzira yekumhanyisa gavhuna (senge hydraulic torque converter) kana frequency yekushandura kukurumidza kudzora kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekemikari. kugadzirwa mamiriro.
7. NPSH
Kuti udzivise cavitation yepombi, iyo yakawedzera simba (kumanikidza) kukosha kwakawedzerwa pahwaro hwesimba (kumanikidza) kukosha kwemvura yainofema inonzi cavitation allowance.
Muzvikamu zvekugadzira makemikari, kukwidziridzwa kwemvura pamagumo ekusveta kwepombi kunowanzowedzerwa, ndiko kuti, iyo static pressure yecolum yemvura inoshandiswa sekuwedzera simba (kumanikidza), uye iyo unit ndeye mita yemvura column.Mukushandisa kunoshanda, kune marudzi maviri eNPSH: inodiwa NPSH uye inoshanda NPSHa.
(1) NPSH inodiwa,
Chaizvoizvo, ndiko kudonhedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura yakaunzwa mushure mekupfuura nepapombi inopinza, uye kukosha kwayo kunotarirwa nepombi pachayo.Iyo diki kukosha ndeye, iyo idiki kurasikirwa kwekupokana kwepombi inlet ndeye.Naizvozvo, NPSH ndiyo yakaderera kukosha kweNPSH.Paunosarudza mapombi emakemikari, NPSH yepombi inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano hwemvura inofanira kuendeswa uye mamiriro ekuisa pombi.NPSH zvakare yakakosha kutenga mamiriro kana uchiraira kemikari pombi.
(2) Inoshanda NPSH.
Inoratidza NPSH chaiyo mushure mekunge pombi yaiswa.Kukosha uku kunotarirwa nemamiriro ekuiswa kwepombi uye hainei nechokuita nepombi pachayo
NPSH.Kukosha kunofanirwa kunge kwakakura kupfuura NPSH -.Kazhinji NPSH.≥ (NPSH＋0.5m)
8. Kupisa kwepakati
Tembiricha iri pakati nepakati inoreva tembiricha yemvura inofambiswa.Kupisa kwezvinhu zvemvura mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari kunogona kusvika - 200 ℃ pakupisa kwakadzika uye 500 ℃ pakupisa kukuru.Naizvozvo, pesvedzero yepakati tembiricha pamapombi emakemikari yakakurumbira kupfuura iyo yemapombi akajairwa, uye ndiyo imwe yeakakosha paramita yemapombi emakemikari.Iko kushandurwa kwehuwandu hwekuyerera uye kuyerera kwehuwandu hwemapombi emakemikari, kutendeuka kwekusiyanisa kudzvanywa uye musoro, kutendeuka kwepombi kuita kana mugadziri wepombi achiitisa bvunzo dzekuita nemvura yakachena pakushambidzika kwekamuri uye kutakura zvinhu chaizvo, uye kuverenga kweNPSH kunofanira kusanganisira. iwo emuviri paramita senge density, viscosity, saturated vapor pressure yepakati.Aya ma parameter anoshanduka nekupisa.Chete nekuverenga nemaitiro chaiwo patembiricha ndipo panogona kururamisa mhedzisiro inowanikwa.Zvekumanikidza zvinotakura zvikamu senge pombi muviri wekemikari pombi, kukosha kwekumanikidza kwechinhu chayo uye bvunzo yekumanikidza ichatemwa zvinoenderana nekumanikidza uye tembiricha.Iyo corrosivity yemvura yakaunzwa ine chekuitawo nekupisa, uye zvinhu zvepombi zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nekuora kwepombi patembiricha yekushanda.Chimiro uye nzira yekuisa yemapombi inosiyana nekupisa.Pamapombi anoshandiswa pakudziya kwepamusoro uye kwakadzika, pesvedzero yekushushikana kwekushisa uye shanduko yekushisa (pombi kushanda uye kudzima) pakurongeka kwekuisa kunofanirwa kuderedzwa uye kubviswa kubva muchimiro, nzira yekuisa uye zvimwe zvinhu.Chimiro uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvepombi shaft chisimbiso uye kana iyo yebetsero mudziyo weshaft chisimbiso ichidikanwa ichatemwa zvakare nekutarisa tembiricha yepombi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-27-2022